Ulcerative colitis | causes, symptoms, and treatment | 2019

ULCERATIVE COLITIS

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease in which there is inflammation of the inner lining of large intestine or colon. If inflammation is untreated then there will be a development of ulcer on the inner lining of intestine and colon.

In India, 6.02/100,000 people are suffering from ulcerative colitis according to studies conducted on different Indian state on different time. All through ulcerative colitis is a disease of the western country but nowadays this disease is also seen in Asian countries.

CAUSES OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS

• An exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown as research is going on ulcerative colitis causes. 

• Perversely diet and stress are suspected of the causes of ulcerative colitis but due to lack of evidence, we cannot say that stress and diet are responsible for ulcerative colitis.

• Immune system malfunction is one possible cause for ulcerative colitis. Where abnormal immune response causes the immune system to attack cell of the digestive tract.

• Heredity also plays a role in the development of ulcerative colitis.

RISK FACTOR OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS

1. AGE: - Begins before age of 30 but can occur at any age.
2. FAMILY HISTORY: - If your parents or siblings are suffering from ulcerative colitis than you are at higher risk for developing ulcerative colitis.
3. RACE: - Whites are the higher risk of this disease.

SYMPTOMS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS

Depending upon the severity of inflammation the symptoms of ulcerative colitis may vary.

• Abdominal pain (cramping)
• Diarrhea with blood or pus
• Rectal bleeding with pain
• Urgency of defecate
• Weight loss
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Anorexia
• Skin sore
• Dehydration
• Difficult to hold stool

COMPLICATION OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS

• Severe bleeding
• Severe dehydration
• Perforated colon
• Osteoporosis
• Inflammation of skin, joints, and eye
• Colon cancer
• Blood clots in veins and arteries

DIAGNOSIS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS

1. Blood test: - to check for sing of infection and rule out anemia
2. Stool test: - White blood cell present in the stool indicate ulcerative colitis.
3. Colonoscopy: - To view entire colon using a thin, flexible, lightened tube with the attachment of camera and to collect a small sample of tissue for lab analysis.
4. Sigmoidoscopy: - If the colon is severely inflamed than sigmoidoscopy is necessary.
5. X-ray: - To see perforated colon
6. CT-scan: - To suspect complication of ulcerative colitis such as the perforated colon.
7. MRI: - To find out how deep infection is in colon

TREATMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS

Treatment for ulcerative colitis is depending on the severity of inflammation of the colon and our main goal is to reduce inflammation as soon as possible for further complication.

Treatment for ulcerative colitis is divided into three-part

Diet: - Spicy and high fiber food can worsen symptoms of ulcerative colitis so soft, blend food, is better for ulcerative colitis

Medicine: -

• Antibiotics: -To heal inflammation caused by bacteria
• A medicine which helps to reduce inflammation of the colon
• Immunosuppressive medicine to reduce attack on colon by the immune system
• Other symptomatic treatments such as an antidiarrheal, analgesic, and iron supplement.

Surgery: -If medicinal management doesn’t work on ulcerative colitis than a doctor may advise removing the colon.

Advice to the patient of ulcerative colitis

1. Drink a small amount of water
2. Eat a small amount of meal
3. Avoid high fiber diet
4. Avoid fatty food
5. If lactose intolerance than avoid
6. Avoid spicy food, alcohol, and caffeine.
7. Reduce stress by doing daily mild exercise
8. Regular relaxation and breathing exercise.

Dr. Amin I Bayad

(BHMS)

Asthma in India | symptoms, causes, and treatment | 2019

ASTHMA IN INDIA

Good morning everyone as you know winter is arriving and this season is also called as a healthy season but in some people who have ASTHMA winter will increase their problem from a cough to breathing problem so in this blog we will discuss asthma and their causes, symptoms treatment and prevention.

In India, the asthmatic patient is increasing in number by the report of government. The sale of anti-asthmatic medicine is gone up by 43% over the past few years.

Thirteen of the most world’s 20 most polluted cities are in India as per the data of world health organization. In the air of Delhi, Patna, Gwalior, and Raipur have the highest amount of tiny suspended particle that penetrates deep into the airways of lungs to causes asthma, bronchiectasis heart disease stroke etc.

On the basis of number, about 15 to 20 million people have asthma in India. So this is a brief report on asthma in India now on next heading we will discuss the whole scenario of asthma.

ASTHMA

Definition: - Asthma is an inflammatory condition of the airway of lungs and because of inflammation its make difficult in breathing.

In asthma, inside wall of the airways in lungs can become inflamed and swollen. If there is infection present than membrane in airway lining secret excess mucus so narrowing of airways and mucus secretion can make difficult in breathing cough and wheeze.

Asthma is an incurable disease but we can control it by finding causes and trigger of asthma.   

Causes: -

We cannot say sure about any single cause of asthma but there is a group of factor affecting to lungs and causes asthma to the patient.

1. Genetics: - if parents have asthma than there is a chance of asthma to their children is high.
2. Allergens: -frequently contact with the allergen.
3. Viral infection: - History of viral infection in childhood can lead to asthma in an adolescent.

TRIGGERS OF ASTHMA

There is a certain condition that may trigger asthma and they are as follow

1. Illness: -Flu and pneumonia can trigger asthma
2. Emotion: -Too much of laughing, shouting, and crying may trigger an attack of asthma
3. Weather: -In very high humidity and or low temperature
4. Exercise: -Increase movement may trigger asthma
5. Allergens: -Dust mites, pollen, animal tendon, fumes, strong odor, smoke etc. can triggers asthma.

SYMPTOMS OF ASTHMA

Symptoms of asthma may be varying according to cause and triggers of asthma, some common symptoms are as follow.

• Coughing: -Usually at night or during exercise and laughing.
• Wheezing: -Whistling sound may hear during breathing
• Difficulty in breathing
• Shortness of breath
• Tightness in the chest
• Fatigue

TREATMENT

Treatment of asthma can be dividing into the three categories.

Treatment can be chosen according to the causes and triggers of asthma.

BREATHING EXERCISES

For the asthmatic patient is difficult to breathe so breathing exercise can help to get more air in and out for lung and on a regular basis it can help in increasing lung capacity and relief in the future asthmatic attack.

1^st AID TREATMENT

1^ST Aid treatment can be used in or during the asthmatic attack for quick relief and it helps you to breathe with ease.

1. Inhalers and nebulizer use with medicine for quick relief
2. Bronchodilators which relieve spasm in the lung due to an inflammatory condition of airways.
3. Anti-inflammatories for treatment of inflamed airways.

LONG TERM ASTHMA CONTROLLERS

For long-term asthma control, we can take medicine on daily to prevent asthmatic symptoms.

This is a very large topic to discuss so we will cover this topic in the separate blog.

SOME HOME REMEDIES FOR ASTHMA

There are some home remedies which may use during the attack of asthma and can make ease of breath, some home remedies are as follow.

• Coffee: -Coffee act similar as theophylline, so coffee open airways that’s why its use for the asthmatic patient for ease of breathing.
• Mustard oil: -Can apply directly to the skin and give massage over the chest to open airways.
• Essential oils: -Inhaling some essential can ease in breathing  

There is some many more information on asthma but I cover only some point for easy to understand. India is second on rank for the asthmatic patient after China. So this is all about brief knowledge of asthma in India and asthma cause sing symptoms and treatment.

DR. AMIN I BAYAD (BHMS)